— Open pit mining has caused extensive land destruction including land abandonment and reduction in agricultural land resulting in serious environmental problems Ecological restoration and mine reclamation have become important components of the sustainable development strategies in Inner Mongolia China Therefore the rehabilitation
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— This study was developed in two areas submitted to ecological restoration using natural regeneration with ages since establishment of a two years NR2 implemented in March 2014 and b seven years NR7 implemented in May 2009 Fig 2 The procedures carried out in these areas after bauxite mining consisted of a terrain
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— 1 Introduction Even though it is regarded as a crucial economic activity worldwide mining has a significant negative impact on environment Due to its nature especially opencast mining inevitably leads to serious degradation on ecological and aesthetic values of the landscape
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— Forest landscape restoration FLR is the ongoing process of regaining ecological functionality and enhancing human well being across deforested or degraded forest landscapes FLR is more than just planting trees it is restoring a whole landscape to meet present and future needs and to offer multiple benefits and land uses over time
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →This review first analyzes the landscape ecological characteristics and environmental effects of mining wastelands then summarizes various methods of restoration and reconstruction based on engineering and biological measures and evaluates different resource use approaches Mining wastelands are unique landscapes formed under the severe
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Yêu cầu trực tuyến →Landscape planning and restoration in mine closure areas is not only an inevitable choice to sustain mining areas but also an important path to maximize landscape resources and to improve ecological function in mine closure areas The analysis of the present mine development shows that many mines ar
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— Since conventional ecological remediation technologies are often unreliable and inefficient the use of phytoremediation which uses plants to restore damaged or polluted environments has been actively developed In particular phytoremediation for the management of abandoned mines has gained public acceptance due to its aesthetic
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— Ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas in the Altay Mountain northwest China has always been considered a challenging issue due to the wide restoration area and serious devastation Identification of the relationships between landscape and ecological processes is one of key issues of landscape
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— The land rehabilitation for mine waste area is very important in recent years Niroula and Thapa 2005 Research on Landscape Reform in Abandoned Mines Foreign research status for landscape renova tion in abandoned mines The industrialization external began so early that mineral resources were early put into exploitation and utilization
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— The concept of forest landscape restoration FLR focuses on the impact of restoration efforts accommodating the integrity of both ecosystem ecology and community livelihoods in the landscape
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— classifies available landscape resources in mine closure areas into the landscape for restoration for limited resto ration and for protection and then summarizes directions for their uses This paper establishes the framework of spatial control planning and design of landscape elements from macro control medium allocation and micro opti
Yêu cầu trực tuyến →— The phosphate mine area is located in the northwest of Hubei province and the southwest of Xiangyang city with an average annual precipitation of mm the altitude is 800 1350 m the mining area is h m 2 the area of the vegetation broad leaved forest that can be formed after the ecological restoration of the mining area is
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