The volume of voids in soil is related to the percentages of sand silt and clay soil texture and to the arrangement of these soil particles soil structure The texture and structure of soil determine the size and distribution of the pores and the total porosity of the soil This empty space in soil enables root growth water retention
— In the simulation the friction coefficient between coral sand and steel sleeve/plate is set as which is according to the literature [29 51] In addition the friction coefficient value between silica sands is set as in Fang et al s study Then based on the friction coefficient of silica sand corresponding value of coral sand is
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— The importance of tightness looseness as a dimension that explains a considerable amount of variance between cultures was demonstrated by Gelfand et al 2011 Tight nations have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behaviour whereas loose nations have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behaviour
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The compressibility of water is small × 10 10 m 2 /N N is a Newton = 1 kg m /s 2 and the compressibility of earth materials ranges from 1 × 10 11 to 1 × 10 6 m 2 /N Table 4 The scale of the S s b average term is illustrated with this example For an unconfined sand aquifer with a compressibility on the higher end of the range α = 1 × 10 8 m 2 /N an
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Cohesionless soils are those which particles do not stick to each other These soils are generally coarse grained soils such as gravel and sand Relative Density which is also called Density Index is denoted as Dr and ID It is the degree of denseness or looseness of natural deposits of coarse grained soils Mathematically it is defined as
— This paper demonstrates proppant rearrangement under low and high pressure and presents a rhombohedron model to calculate sand packed fracture conductivity that considers the looseness coefficient
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— Dynamic Analysis and Looseness Evaluation of b is the friction coefficient between the lower surface of the nut and the bearing surface of the joint member while r b is the effective radius of the nut surface
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1 — Quartz sand silica sand anthracite coal garnet magnetite and other materials may be used as filtration media Silica sand and anthracite are the most commonly used types This latter size divided by the effective size is called the uniformity coefficient the smaller the uniformity coefficient the more uniform the media particle sizes
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research on identification technology of wind turbine tower flange bolt looseness upon influence line of flexibility coefficient[j] Engineering Mechanics 2023 40 12 185 193 DOI /
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— The total bolt looseness severity in the FE simulation was defined as the total tension loss ratio in the eight bolts and the estimated total bolt looseness severity for the jth bolt looseness case was determined as 7 F t o t a l e s t j = 1 4 ∑ k = 1 4 z k j where z k j is the estimated local bolt looseness severity of the kth row for
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The preloaded force is proposed to simulate the defect of the fastener and a looseness coefficient is defined to represent the loose degree of the fastener First three fastener system models are introduced into the model respectively and the difference in the vehicle track dynamic is analyzed and compared
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— Table 1 summarizes the most widely used equations for determining the sand permeability coefficient By adjusting the crushing ratio apparent Young s modulus looseness factor and proportion of large particle components of the proppant the fracture conductivity can be controlled This provides a theoretical basis for the development of
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— Percussion based methods have attracted growing interest in the assessment of bolt looseness Nevertheless their suitability for field applications is constrained by the irregularity in manual percussion force Variabilities in percussion forces can distort the characterization of signals resulting in an insufficient assessment of bolt
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